REASONING SYLLOGISM

                                                  SYLLOGISM

Syllogism is originally originated from Greek word. it means inference i.e.   “Evaluate some logic”. 

                      Some rule given below ,it is necessary to remember.

1.    The four type of propositions:

           

             

2.    Rules for conversion :

                       

   But there is order of conversion of statements and the order is IEA   respectively statements.

                      By properly aligned pair of propositions(statements)  we mean that the two statements should  be written in such a way that common term is the predicate of the first statements and the the subject of the second statements.

3.     Draw conclusion from  a pair of statements: 

   

                                 

 

·       Normally the conclusion or   inference is itself statements whose subject is subject of the first statements and  predicate is the predicate of the the second statements. And common term disappears.

·       O-  meaning :  in this case , statements(inference ) whose subject is  predicate of second statements and predicate is the subject of the first statements  . And common term disappears.

4.    Complementary pair :   if there is no conclusion drawn from given statements then below some condition to be  “either or” condition will be true.

·       If the statements should be orderly IO  type.

·       If the statements should be orderly AO  type.

·       If the statements should be orderly IE  type.

Direction :  In each question below are given two statements followed by two conclusion numbered   I and  II .You have to take  the two given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts. Give answer

1.     If only conclusion   I is true.

2.     If only conclusion   II is true.

3.     If either I or II  is true.

4.     If neither I nor II  is true.

5.     If both I and  II  is true.

       Example 1:   Given statements….

                              Some rooms are stones.

                              All stones are radios.

   Conclusion:   I. some rooms are radios.

                           II.  some stones are rooms.

 Solutions : Here both statements are align proper way.

        Thus  remove common terms 

                  Some rooms are stones. [I]     -------------------(1)

                   All stones are radios.[A]   -----------------------(2)

                         Now   I  +A = I

                       Thus new conclusion is  

                                     “some rooms are radios”……….(3)

Now evaluate the conclusions

        Conclusion  I : here conclusion “some rooms are radios.” is true because  of equation (3).

    Conclusion  II: here the conclusion “some stones are rooms.” Is true because of

     Equation (1).

   Thus both conclusion is true  now  option 5) is correct